Investigation of past accidents has shown that LPG tank accidents cause significant damage to the industry due to the storage of large volumes of flammable materials in them. This study aimed for developing a predictive accident model for dynamic risk assessment of propane storage tanks of the refinery. Hazards and safety barriers were identified using MIMAH methodology. The basis of MIMAH methodology is Bow-tie method. To construct the Bow-tie diagram, first, accidents that occurred on LPG tanks were extracted from the databases of accidents and valid sources. The top events of the accidents were identified and analyzed by the fault tree. The Bow-tie diagrams were constructed and the barriers on the diagrams were identified and verified by

In this study, barriers elements and initiating events of accidents and their risk influence factors were identified and classified according to a developed conceptual model, relationship between the risk influences factors were determined using a fuzzy DEMATEL model, the risk influence factors weight was determined using a fuzzy AHP model and conditional probability table of the risk influence factors was obtained using R?ed method. The probability of the initiating events and the barrier elements failure was determined using fuzzy logic. The barrier elements and the initiating events were modeled by mapping bow-tie in Bayesian network. The Bayesian networks of risk influence factors were constructed by mapping the fuzzy DEMATEL outputs in

Materials and Methods: In the first step, time to Boilover prediction empirical models were identified from previous studies. For this purpose, appropriate keywords were searched in search engines such as Google Scholar, Scopus, PubMed, and science direct. Experimental studies on the time to Boilover were reviewed to select a study for comparing of the predictions of models. For this purpose the experimental study that has been conducted by Koseki et al. on 1.9 m diameter storage tank containing Sarukawa crude oil was selected. All model equations were transferred to Microsoft excel, version 2016 to reduce the error and speed up the calculations. Time to Boilover was calculated using six different models for the three experiments of Koseki

Background. Understanding the causes of accidents plays a major role in learning from accidents and developing accident prevention and control strategies. Objective. This study aimed at application and modification of the Tripod Beta method for analyzing accident causes in the oil and gas industries. Materials and methods. A total of 68 accidents occurring in the oil and gas industries during 2005–2016 were analyzed. For this purpose, we used the Tripod Beta method and modified it using Reason's Swiss cheese model and analysis accident results. Results. The main causes that have been ignored in the Tripod Beta method were supervision factors involved in 66% of the accidents (underlying causes) and unsafe conditions that contributed to 55%

Aim: Ergonomic risk factors are one of the main factors in the occurrence of Work-related Musculoskeletal Disorders (WMSDs). The serviceman workers are exposed to various health and safety risk factors during their activities. This study aimed to assess the risk of musculoskeletal disorders in serviceman workers of a Petrochemical company.Method and Instruments: In this descriptive cross sectional study, first, the posture of 106 serviceman workers were assessed using REBA method. Then, the prevalence of WMSDs symptom was investigated using Nordic Questionnaire (NQ). The collected data were analyzed by SPSS software using statistical Chi-square test.Findings: Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) score for serviceman workers involved in insul

Atmospheric storage tank fires are relatively rare, but because of storing large amount of flammable liquid in them, they have catastrophic consequences. This study presents a review of atmospheric storage tank fire scenarios causes and costs. The fire accidents on the atmospheric storage tanks were collected from accident databases, papers and other sources. The causes and costs of the 104 accidents were?classified. Initiating event of 38% of the accidents was environmental factors, 20% was equipment factors, 15% was operation factors (human error), 13% was domino effect, 10% was maintenance factor and 4% was terrorist attack. Lightning strikes were the most frequent cause of the accidents triggered by the environmental factors (21.73%).

Materials and Methods: This is a descriptive-analytic study. At first, empirical models presented for prediction of the Boilover consequence were identified. Then, the models used to predict the fireball geometry and its radiation heat flux around the tank. The results of model predictions were compared with the data of a small-scale experimental study and a large-scale real Boilover accident.Results: According to the results, the error of the INERIS and Buang model for predictions of radiation heat flux around the experimental Boilover were 23 and 31%, respectively. The error of these two models predictions of radiation heat flux of accident were 52% and 71%, respectively.Conclusion: The INERIS and Buang models showed a lower error for pre

Aim: Ergonomic risk factors play an important role in prevalence of Work-related MusculoSkeletal Disorders (WMSDs). Due to housewives’ different tasks at home, they seem to be exposed to different safety and health risk factors. The aim of the present study is assessment of risk and WMSDs prevalence in housekeeping job.Method and Materials: In this study, first, the task and subtask of housekeeping job were analyzed by Hierarchical Task Analysis (HTA) method. Then the postures of 100 housewives were assessed by Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) method and finally, the prevalence of WMSDs was investigated using the Nordic Questionnaire (NQ).Findings: The REBA score for housewives in three tasks of dusting (worst posture), hovering and fl

Background & Objective: ?Fatigue is defined as a feeling of disability and weakness that leads to a reduction in the capacity of individuals to do their job and daily activities. Sleep disorders are one of the most important causes of fatigue in nurses. The present study aimed to determine the level of occupational fatigue and sleep quality among nurses working in various wards of public hospitals. ?Materials & Methods: ?This cross-sectional study was conducted on 234 nurses working in diverse wards of the two public hospitals affiliated to Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Iran selected by the convenience sampling method. The data were collected using a demographic questionnaire, Occupational Fatigue Exhaustion Recovery scale, and Pitts

In the present study, empirical correlations were applied to predict the time to boilover and its consequences. Next, a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model was applied for the simulation of boilover consequences based on the resulting incident radiative heat flux. Empirical correlations, and the Fire Dynamic Simulator (FDS) were compared with a crude oil boilover experiment carried out in a 1?m diameter pan (small-scale). FDS predictions were consistent with experimental results. A case study concerning the boilover accident in Milford Haven with a 78?m diameter tank (large-scale) was performed with the CFD model and empirical correlations. A comparison of the simulation results and accident data demonstrated that FDS was able to predi

Noise is one of the most important environmental pollutants that endanger human health. The aim of the present study was to assess the effects, habituation to noise, and possible improvement of traffic noise subjectively. Data were collected using questionnaires from 300 citizens in Tabriz, Iran. Subjective noise level was relatively high and had considerable influence on citizens’ satisfaction, performance, and health. Satisfaction with traffic noise was lower in males and decreased with increasing age. Males were also more likely to complain about the interference of traffic noise with their performance than females. Habituation to noise was relatively low and was not associated with living area and demographic characteri

Background. Accident analysis is the main aspect of accident investigation. It includes the method of connecting different causes in a procedural way. Therefore, it is important to use valid and reliable methods for the investigation of different causal factors of accidents, especially the noteworthy ones. Objective. This study aimed to prominently assess the accuracy (sensitivity index [SI]) and consistency of the six most commonly used accident analysis methods in the petroleum industry. Methods. In order to evaluate the methods of accident analysis, two real case studies (process safety and personal accident) from the petroleum industry were analyzed by 10 assessors. The accuracy and consistency of these methods were then evaluated. The